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Publications (updated 9/18/09)



  1. 1990 Firing, E. and R. L. Gordon. Deep ocean acoustic Doppler current profiling. In: G. F. Appell and T. B. Curtin (eds.), Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Fourth Working Conference on Current Measurement, pp. 192-201. IEEE, New York.

  2. 1990 Giovannoni, S. J., E. F. DeLong, T. M. Schmidt and N. R. Pace. Tangential flow filtration and preliminary phylogenetic analysis of marine picoplankton. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 56, 2572-2575.

  3. 1991 Chiswell, S. M. Dynamic response of CTD pressure sensors to temperature. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 8, 659-668.

  4. 1991 Karl, D. M., J. E. Dore, D. V. Hebel and C. Winn. Procedures for particulate carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and total mass analyses used in the US-JGOFS Hawaii Ocean Time- Series Program. In: D.C. Hurd and D. Spencer (eds.), Marine Particles: Analysis and Characterization, pp. 71-77. American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 63.

  5. 1991 Karl, D. M., W. G. Harrison, J. Dore et al. Chapter 3. Major bioelements workshop report. In: D. C. Hurd and D. W. Spencer (eds.), Marine Particles: Analysis and Characterization, pp. 33-42. American Geophysical Union, Geophysical Monograph 63.

  6. 1991 Karl, D. M. and C. D. Winn. A sea of change: Monitoring the oceans' carbon cycle. Environmental Science & Technology 25, 1976-1981.

  7. 1991 Laws, E. A. Photosynthetic quotients, new production and net community production in the open ocean. Deep-Sea Research 38, 143-167.

  8. 1991 Sabine, C. L. and F. T. Mackenzie. Oceanic sinks for anthropogenic CO2. International Journal of Energy, Environment, Economics 1, 119-127.

  9. 1991 Schmidt, T. M., E. F. DeLong and N. R. Pace. Analysis of a marine picoplankton community by 16S rRNA gene cloning and sequencing. Journal of Bacteriology 173, 4371- 4378.

  10. 1992 Anbar, A. D., R. A. Creaser, D. A. Papanastassiou and G. J. Wasserburg. Rhenium in seawater: Confirmation of generally conservative behavior. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56, 4099-4103.

  11. 1992 Benner, R., J. D. Pakulski, M. McCarthy, J. I. Hedges and P. G. Hatcher. Bulk chemical characteristics of dissolved organic matter in the ocean. Science 255, 1561-1564.

  12. 1992 Chen, R. F. and J. L. Bada. The fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in seawater. Marine Chemistry 37, 191-221.

  13. 1992 Karl, D. M. The oceanic carbon cycle: Primary production and carbon flux in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. In: Y. Oshima (ed.), Proceedings of the IGBP Symposium on Global Change, pp. 203-219. Japan National Committee for the IGBP, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.

  14. 1992 Karl, D. M., R. Letelier, D. V. Hebel, D. F. Bird and C. D. Winn. Trichodesmium blooms and new nitrogen in the North Pacific gyre. In: E. J. Carpenter et al. (eds.), Marine Pelagic Cyanobacteria: Trichodesmium and Other Diazotrophs, pp. 219-237. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands.

  15. 1992 Karl, D. M. and G. Tien. MAGIC: A sensitive and precise method for measuring dissolved phosphorus in aquatic environments. Limnology and Oceanography 37, 105-116.

  16. 1992 Quay, P. D., B. Tilbrook and C. S. Wong. Oceanic uptake of fossil fuel CO2: Carbon- 13 evidence. Science 256, 74-79.

  17. 1993 Campbell, L. and D. Vaulot. Photosynthetic picoplankton community structure in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean near Hawaii (station ALOHA). Deep-Sea Research 40, 2043- 2060.

  18. 1993 Coble, P. G., C. A. Schultz and K. Mopper. Fluorescence contouring analysis of DOC intercalibration experiment samples: a comparison of techniques. Marine Chemistry 41, 173-178.

  19. 1993 Emerson, S., P. Quay, C. Stump, D. Wilbur and R. Schudlich. Determining primary production from the mesoscale oxygen field. ICES Marine Science Symposium 197, 196-206.

  20. 1993 Hedges, J. I., B. A. Bergamaschi and R. Benner. Comparative analyses of DOC and DON in natural waters. Marine Chemistry 41, 121-134.

  21. 1993 Karl, D. M. Total microbial biomass estimation derived from the measurement of particulate adenosine-5'-triphosphate. In: P. F. Kemp, B. F. Sherr, E. B. Sherr and J. J. Cole (eds.), Handbook of Methods in Aquatic Microbial Ecology, pp. 359-368. Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton.

  22. 1993 Karl, D. M., G. Tien, J. Dore and C. D. Winn. Total dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations at US-JGOFS Station ALOHA: Redfield reconciliation. Marine Chemistry 41, 203-208.

  23. 1993 Keeling, C. D. Lecture 2: Surface ocean CO2. NATO ASI Series I(15), 413-429.

  24. 1993 Letelier, R. M., R. R. Bidigare, D. V. Hebel, M. Ondrusek, C. D. Winn and D. M. Karl. Temporal variability of the phytoplankton community structure based on pigment analyses. Limnology and Oceanography 38, 1420-1437.

  25. 1993 Mopper, K. and C. A. Schultz. Fluorescence as a possible tool for studying the nature and water column distribution of DOC components. Marine Chemistry 41, 229- 238.

  26. 1993 Selph, K. E., D. M. Karl and M. R. Landry. Quantification of chemiluminescent DNA probes using liquid scintillation counting. Analytical Biochemistry 210, 394-401.

  27. 1993 Sharp, J. H., E. T. Peltzer, M. J. Alperin, G. Cauwet, J. W. Farrington, B. Fry, D. M. Karl, J. H. Martin, A. Spitzy, S. Tugrul and C. A. Carlson. Procedures subgroup report. Marine Chemistry 41, 37-49.

  28. 1993 Winn, C. D., R. Lukas, D. Hebel, C. Carrillo, R. Letelier and D. M. Karl. The Hawaii Ocean Time-series program: Resolving variability in the North Pacific. In: N. Saxena (ed.), Recent Advances in Marine Science and Technology, pp. 139-150. Proceedings of the Pacific Ocean Congress (PACON).

  29. 1994 Baines, S. B., M. L. Pace and D. M. Karl. Why does the relationship between sinking flux and planktonic primary production differ between lakes and oceans? Limnology and Oceanography 39, 213-226.

  30. 1994 Björkman, K. and D. M. Karl. Bioavailability of inorganic and organic phosphorus compounds to natural assemblages of microorganisms in Hawaiian coastal waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series 111, 265-273.

  31. 1994 Campbell, L., H. A. Nolla and D. Vaulot. The importance of Prochlorococcus to community structure in the central North Pacific Ocean (Station ALOHA). Limnology and Oceanography 39, 954-961.

  32. 1994 Campbell, L., L. P.Shapiro and E. Haugen. Immunochemical characterization of the eukaryotic ultraplankton from the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Journal of Plankton Research 16, 35-51.

  33. 1994 Christian, J. R. and D. M. Karl. Microbial community structure at the U.S.-Joint Global Ocean Flux Study Station ALOHA: Inverse methods for estimating biochemical indicator ratios. Journal of Geophysical Research 99, 14,269-14,276.

  34. 1994 Karl, D. M. Accurate estimation of microbial loop processes and rates. Microbial Ecology 28, 147-150.

  35. 1994 Karl, D. M. and B. D. Tilbrook. Production and transport of methane in oceanic particulate organic matter. Nature 368, 732-734.

  36. 1994 Tupas, L. M., B. N. Popp and D. M. Karl. Dissolved organic carbon in oligotrophic waters: experiments on sample preservation, storage and analysis. Marine Chemistry 45, 207- 216.

  37. 1994 Winn, C. D., F. T. Mackenzie, C. J. Carrillo, C. L. Sabine and D. M. Karl. Air- sea carbon dioxide exchange in the North Pacific subtropical gyre: Implications for the global carbon budget. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 8, 157-163.

  38. 1995 Atkinson, M. A., F. I. M. Thomas, N. Larson, E. Terrill, K. Morita and C. Liu. A micro-hole potentiostatic oxygen sensor for oceanic CTDs. Deep-Sea Research 42, 761-771.

  39. 1995 Chavez, F. P., K. R. Buck, R. R. Bidigare, D. M. Karl, D. Hebel, M. Latasa, L. Campbell and J. Newton. On the chlorophyll a retention properties of glass- fiber GF/F filters. Limnology and Oceanography 40, 428-433.

  40. 1995 Christian, J. R. and D. M. Karl. Bacterial ectoenzymes in marine waters: Activity ratios and temperature responses in three oceanographic provinces. Limnology and Oceanography 40, 1042-1049.

  41. 1995 Christian, J. R. and D. M. Karl. Measuring bacterial ectoenzyme activities in marine waters using mercuric chloride as a preservative and a control. Marine Ecology Progress Series 123, 217-224.

  42. 1995 Emerson, S., P. D. Quay, C. Stump, D. Wilbur and R. Schudlich. Chemical tracers of productivity and respiration in the subtropical Pacific Ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research 100, 15,873-15,887.

  43. 1995 Jones, D. R., D. M. Karl and E. A. Laws. DNA:ATP ratios in marine microalgae and bacteria: Implications for growth rate estimates based on rates of DNA synthesis. Journal of Phycology 31, 215-223.

  44. 1995 Karl, D. M. A reply to a comment by J. A. McGowan "HOT and the North Pacific gyre." Nature 378, 21-22.

  45. 1995 Karl, D. M., R. Letelier, D. Hebel, L. Tupas, J. Dore, J. Christian and C. Winn. Ecosystem changes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre attributed to the 1991-92 El Niño. Nature 373, 230-234.

  46. 1995 Liu, H., L. Campbell and M. R. Landry. Growth and mortality rates of Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus measured with a selective inhibitor technique. Marine Ecology Progress Series 116, 277-287.

  47. 1995 Maranger, R. and D. F. Bird. Viral abundance in aquatic systems: a comparison between marine and fresh waters. Marine Ecology Progress Series 121, 217-226.

  48. 1995 Sabine, C. L. and F. T. Mackenzie. Bank-derived carbonate sediment transport and dissolution in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Aquatic Geochemistry 1, 189-230.

  49. 1995 Sabine, C. L., F. T. Mackenzie, C. Winn and D. M. Karl. Geochemistry of carbon dioxide in seawater at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series station, ALOHA. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9, 637-651.

  50. 1995 Sharp, J. H., R. Benner, L. Bennett, C. A. Carlson, S. E. Fitzwater, E. T. Peltzer and L. M. Tupas. Analyses of dissolved organic carbon in seawater: the JGOFS EqPac methods comparison. Marine Chemistry 48, 91-108.

  51. 1995 Thomas, F. I. M. and M. J. Atkinson. Field calibration of a microhole potentiostatic oxygen sensor for oceanic CTDs. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 12, 390-394.

  52. 1995 Thomas, F. I. M., S. A. McCarthy, J. Bower, S. Krothapalli, M. J. Atkinson and P. Flament. Response characteristics of two oxygen sensors for oceanic CTDs. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 12, 687-690.

  53. 1995 Tilbrook, B. D. and D. M. Karl. Methane sources, distributions and sinks from California coastal waters to the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre. Marine Chemistry 49, 51-64.

  54. 1995 Winn, C. D., L. Campbell, J. Christian, R. M. Letelier, D. V. Hebel, J. E. Dore, L. Fujieki and D. M. Karl. Seasonal variability in the phytoplankton community of the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9, 605-620.

  55. 1996 Anbar, A.D., G.J. Wasserburg, D.A. Papanastassiou and P.S. Andersson. Iridium in natural waters. Science 273, 1524-1528.

  56. 1996 Andersen, R. A., R. R. Bidigare, M. D. Keller and M. Latasa. A comparison of HPLC pigment signatures and electron microscopic observations for oligotrophic waters of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 517-537.

  57. 1996 Atkinson, M. J., F. I. M. Thomas and N. Larson. Effects of pressure on oxygen sensors. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 13, 1267-1274.

  58. 1996 Bingham, F. M. and R. Lukas Seasonal cycles of temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen observed in the Hawaii Ocean Time-series. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 199-213.

  59. 1996 Campos, M. L. A. M., A. M. Farrenkopf, T. D. Jickells and G. W. Luther III. A comparison of dissolved iodine cycling at the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series station and Hawaii Ocean Time-series station. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 455-466.

  60. 1996 Chiswell, S. M. Intraseasonal oscillations at Station ALOHA, north of Oahu, Hawaii. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 305-319.

  61. 1996 De La Rocha, C. L. and M. A. Brzezinski. Purification, recovery, and laser-driven fluorination of silicon from dissolved and particulate silica for the measurement of natural stable isotope abundances. Analytical Chemistry 68, 3746-3750.

  62. 1996 Dore, J. E., T. Houlihan, D. V. Hebel, G. Tien, L. Tupas and D. M. Karl. Freezing as a method of sample preservation for the analysis of dissolved inorganic nutrients in seawater. Marine Chemistry 53, 173-185.

  63. 1996 Dore, J. E. and D. M. Karl. Nitrification in the euphotic zone as a source for nitrite, nitrate and nitrous oxide at Station ALOHA. Limnology and Oceanography 41, 1619-1628.

  64. 1996 Dore, J. E. and D. M. Karl. Nitrite distributions and dynamics at Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 385-402.

  65. 1996 Feller, R. J. and D. M. Karl. The National Association of Marine Laboratories: A connected web for studying long-term changes in U.S. coastal and marine waters. Biological Bulletin 190, 269-277.

  66. 1996 Firing, E. Currents observed north of Oahu during the first five years of HOT. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 281-303.

  67. 1996 Jones, D. R., D. M. Karl and E. A. Laws. Growth rates and production of heterotrophic bacteria and phytoplankton in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Deep-Sea Research I 43, 1567-1580.

  68. 1996 Karl, D. M., J. R. Christian, J. E. Dore, D. V. Hebel, R. M Letelier, L. M. Tupas and C. D. Winn. Seasonal and interannual variability in primary production and particle flux at Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 539-568.

  69. 1996 Karl, D. M. and R. Lukas. The Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) program: Background, rationale and field implementation. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 129-156.

  70. 1996 Karl, D. M. and A. F. Michaels. Preface: The Hawaiian Ocean Time-series (HOT) and Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS). Deep-Sea Research II 43, 127-128.

  71. 1996 Kennan, S. C. and R. Lukas. Saline intrusions in the intermediate waters north of Oahu, Hawaii. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 215-241.

  72. 1996 Latasa, M., R. R. Bidigare, M. E. Ondrusek and M. C. Kennicutt II. HPLC analysis of algal pigments: a comparison exercise among laboratories and recommendations for improved analytical performance. Marine Chemistry 51, 315-324.

  73. 1996 Lawson, L. M., E. E. Hofmann and Y. H. Spitz. Time series sampling and data assimilation in a simple marine ecosystem model. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 625-651.

  74. 1996 Letelier, R. M., J. E. Dore, C. D. Winn and D. M. Karl. Seasonal and interannual variations in photosynthetic carbon assimilation at Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 467-490.

  75. 1996 Letelier, R. M. and D. M. Karl. Role of Trichodesmium spp. in the productivity of the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Marine Ecology Progress Series 133, 263-273.

  76. 1996 Lukas, R. and F. Santiago-Mandujano. Interannual variability of Pacific deep- and bottom-waters observed in the Hawaii Ocean Time-series. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 243-255.

  77. 1996 Mitchum, G. T. On using satellite altimetric heights to provide a spatial context for the Hawaii Ocean Time-series measurements. Deep-Sea Research 43, 257-280.

  78. 1996 Moyer, C. L., J. M. Tiedje, F. C. Dobbs and D. M. Karl. A computer-simulated restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of bacterial small-subunit rRNA genes: Efficacy of selected tetrameric restriction enzymes for studies of microbial diversity in nature. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 62, 2501-2507.

  79. 1996 Roy-Barman, M., J. H. Chen and G. J. Wasserburg. 230Th-232Th systematics in the central Pacific Ocean: The sources and the fates of thorium. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 139, 351-363.

  80. 1996 Schudlich, R. and S. Emerson. Gas saturation in the surface ocean: The roles of heat flux, gas exchange and bubbles. Deep-Sea Research II 43, 569-589.

  81. 1997 Benner, R., B. Biddanda, B. Black and M. McCarthy. Abundance, size distribution and stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of marine organic matter isolated by tangential-flow ultrafiltration. Marine Chemistry 57, 243-263.

  82. 1997 Campbell, L., H. Liu, H. A. Nolla and D. Vaulot. Annual variability of phytoplankton and bacteria in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean at Station ALOHA during the 1991- 1994 ENSO event. Deep-Sea Research 44, 167-192.

  83. 1997 Christian, J. R., M. R. Lewis and D. M. Karl. Vertical fluxes of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in the North Pacific subtropical gyre near Hawaii. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 15,667-15,677.

  84. 1997 Emerson, S., P. Quay, D. Karl, C. Winn, L. Tupas and M. Landry. Experimental determination of the organic carbon flux from open-ocean surface waters. Nature 389, 951-954.

  85. 1997 Karl, D. M., R. Letelier, L. Tupas, J. Dore, J. Christian and D. Hebel. The role of nitrogen fixation in biogeochemical cycling in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature 388, 533-538.

  86. 1997 Karl, D. M. and G. Tien. Temporal variability in dissolved phosphorus concentrations in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Marine Chemistry 56, 77-96.

  87. 1997 Karl, D. M. and K. Yanagi. Partial characterization of the dissolved organic phosphorus pool in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 42, 1398-1405.

  88. 1997 Karl, D. M. Oceanic carbon cycle and global environmental change: A microbiological perspective. In: M. T. Martins et al(eds.), Progress in Microbial Ecology. Proceedings of Seventh International Symposium on Microbial Ecology, Santos, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 1995. Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia / International Committee of Microbial Ecology, Brazil, pp. 163-172.

  89. 1997 Lukas, R., F. Santiago-Mandujano and E. Firing. Long-term hydrographic variations observed in the Hawaii Ocean Time-series. in proceedings of the OOPC Ocean Climate Time-series Workshop, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 18-20 March, 1997. GCOS Rept. No. 41, Annex XX.

  90. 1997 Liu, H., L. Campbell and H. A. Nolla. Prochlorococcus growth rate and contribution to primary production in the equatorial and subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 12, 39-42.

  91. 1997 Sansone, F. J., B. N. Popp and T. M. Rust. Stable carbon isotopic analysis of low-level methane in water and gas. Analytical Chemistry 69, 40-44.

  92. 1997 Troy, P. J., Y. H. Li and F. T. Mackenzie. Changes in surface morphology of calcite exposed to the oceanic water column. Aquatic Geochemistry 3, 1-20.

  93. 1997 Venrick, E. L. Comparison of the phytoplankton species composition and structure in the Climax area (1973-1985) with that of Station ALOHA (1994). Limnology and Oceanography 42, 1643-1648.

  94. 1998 Dore, J. E., B. N. Popp, D. M. Karl and F. J. Sansone. A large source of atmospheric nitrous oxide from subtropical North Pacific surface waters. Nature 396, 63-66.

  95. 1998 Karl, D. M. and F. C. Dobbs. Molecular approaches to microbial biomass estimation in the sea. In: K. E. Cooksey (ed.), Molecular Approaches to the Study of the Ocean pp. 29-89. Chapman and Hall, London.

  96. 1998 Karl, D. M., D. V. Hebel, K. Björkman and R. M. Letelier. The role of dissolved organic matter release in the productivity of the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 43, 1270-1286.

  97. 1998 Letelier, R. M. and D. M. Karl. Trichodesmium spp. physiology and nutrient fluxes in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 15, 265-276.

  98. 1998 Loisel, H. and A. Morel. Light scattering and chlorophyll concentration in case 1 waters: A reexamination. Limnology and Oceanography 43, 847-858.

  99. 1998 Lukas, R. A Freshening of the Upper Pycnocline in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In Proceedings of The International Symposium TRIANGLE '98, September 29-October 2, 1998. Japan Marine Science and Technology Center, Yokosuka, Japan, 294-303.

  100. 1998 Thomson-Bulldis, A. and D. Karl. Application of a novel method for phosphorus determinations in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 43, 1565-1577.

  101. 1998 Winn, C. D., Y. H. Li, F. T. Mackenzie and D. M. Karl. Rising surface ocean dissolved inorganic carbon at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series site. Marine Chemistry 60, 33-47.

  102. 1998 Zehr, J. P., M. T. Mellon and S. Zani. New nitrogen-fixing microorganisms detected in oligotrophic oceans by amplification of nitrogenase (nifH) genes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, 3444-3450.

  103. 1999 Calbet, A. and M. R. Landry. Mesozooplankton influences on the microbial food web: Direct and indirect trophic interactions in the oligotrophic open ocean. Limnology and Oceanography 44, 1370-1380.

  104. 1999 Emerson, S. and D. M. Karl. The biological carbon pump in the subtropical Pacific Ocean: Nutrient limitations and CO2 fluxes. In Y. Noriji (ed.), Proceedings of the 2nd International symposium on CO2 in the Oceans, NIES, Tsukuba, Japan, pp. 317-323.

  105. 1999 Firing, E., B. Qiu, and W. Miao. Time-dependent island rule and its application to the time-varying north Hawaiian ridge current. J. Physical Oceanography, 29, 2671-2688.

  106. 1999 Karl, D. M. A sea of change: Biogeochemical variability in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Ecosystems 2, 181-214.

  107. 1999 Scharek, R., M. Latasa, D. M. Karl and R. R. Bidigare. Temporal variations in diatom abundance and downward vertical flux in the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre. Deep-Sea Research I 46, 1051-1075.

  108. 1999 Scharek, R., L. Tupas and D. M. Karl. Diatom fluxes to the deep sea in the oligotrophic North Pacific gyre at Station ALOHA. Marine Ecology Progress Series 182, 55-67.

  109. 2000 Björkman, K., A. L. Thomson-Bulldis and D. M. Karl. Phosphorus dynamics in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 22: 185-198.

  110. 2000 Karl, D. M. A new source of "new" nitrogen in the sea. Trends in Microbiology 8, 301.

  111. 2000 Karl, D. M. Phosphorus, the staff of life. Nature 406, 31-32.

  112. 2000 Letelier, R. M., D. M. Karl, M. R. Abbott, P. Flament, M. Freilich, R. Lukas and T. Strub. The role of late winter meso-scale events in the biogeochemical variability of the upper water column of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Journal of Geophysical Research 105: 28,723-28,739.

  113. 2000 Li, Y.-H., D. M. Karl, C. D. Winn, F. T. Mackenzie and K. Gans. Remineralization ratios in the subtropical North Pacific gyre. Aquatic Geochemistry 6, 65-86.

  114. 2000 Michaels, A. F., D. M. Karl and A. H. Knap. Temporal studies of biogeochemical dynamics in oligotrophic oceans. In R. Hanson, H. Ducklow and J. Field (eds.), The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle in the Sea, Cambridge Univ. Press, UK, pp. 392-413.

  115. 2000 Ostrom, N. E., M. E. Russ, B. Popp, T. M. Rust and D. M. Karl. Mechanisms of nitrous oxide production in the subtropical North Pacific based on determinations of the isotopic abundances of nitrous oxide and di-oxygen. Chemosphere - Global Change Science 2: 281-290.

  116. 2001 Al-Mutairi, H. and M.R. Landry. Active export of carbon and nitrogen at Station ALOHA by diel migrant zooplankton. Deep-Sea Res. II. 48: 2083-2104.

  117. 2001 Benitez-Nelson, C., K. O. Buesseler, D. M. Karl and J. Andrews. A time-series study of particulate matter export in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre based on 234Th:238U disequilibrium. Deep-Sea Research, 48: 2595-2611.

  118. 2001 Calbet, A., M.R. Landry and S. Nunnery. Bacteria-flagellate interactions in the microbial food web of the oligotrophic subtropical North Pacific. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 23: 283-292.

  119. 2001 Cavender-Bares-K. K., D. M. Karl and S. W. Chisholm. Nutrient gradients in the western North Atlantic Ocean: Relationship to microbial community structure, and comparison to patterns in the Pacific Ocean. Deap-Sea Research 48: 2373-2395.

  120. 2001 Donachie, S. P., J. R. Christian and D. M. Karl. Nutrient regulation of bacterial production and ectoenzyme activities in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 48: 1719-1732.

  121. 2001 Fasham, M. J. R., B. M. Balino, M. C. Bowles, R. Anderson, D. Archer, U. Bathmann, P. Boyd, K. Buesseller, P. Burkill, A. Bychkov, C. Carlson, C. T. A. Chen, S. Doney, H. Ducklow, S. Emerson, R. Feely, G. Feldman, V. Garcon, D. Hansell, R. Hanson, P. Harrison, S. Honjo, C. Jeandel, D. Karl, R. Le Borgne, K. K. Liu, K. Lochte, F. Louanchi, R. Lowry, A. Michaels, P. Monfray, J. Murray, A. Oschlies, T. Platt, J. Priddle, R. Quinones, D. Ruiz-Pino, T. Saino, E. Sakshaug, G. Shimmield, S. Smith, W. Smith, T. Takahashi, P. Treguer, D. Wallace, R. Wanninkhof, A. Watson, J. Willebrand and C. D. Wong. A new vision of ocean biogeochemistry after a decade of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). Ambio Special Issue 10 May 2001: 4-31

  122. 2001 Hebel, D. V. and D. M. Karl. Seasonal, interannual and decadal variations in particulate matter concentrations and composition in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 48: 1669-1696.

  123. 2001 Karl, D. M., R. R. Bidigare and R. M. Letelier. Long-term changes in plankton community structure and productivity in the North Pacific subtropical Gyre: The domain shift hypothesis. Deep-Sea Research II, 48: 1449-1470.

  124. 2001 Karl, D. M., K. M. Björkman, J. E. Dore, L. Fujieki, D. V. Hebel, T. Houlihan, R. M. Letelier and L. M. Tupas. Ecological nitrogen-to-phosphorus stoichiometry at Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Research II, 48: 1529-1566.

  125. 2001 Karl, D. M. and J. E. Dore. Microbial ecology at sea: Sampling, subsampling and incubation considerations. In: J. H. Paul (ed.), Methods in Microbiology, vol. 30, pp 13-39.

  126. 2001 Karl, D. M. and A. F. Michaels. Nitrogen cycle. In: J. Steele, S. Thorpe and K. Turekian, Eds., Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, pp. 1876-1884.

  127. 2001 Karl, D. M., J. E. Dore, R. Lukas, A. F. Michaels, N. R. Bates and A. Knap. Building the long-term picture: The U.S. JGOFS time-series programs. Oceanography, 14: 6-17.

  128. 2001 Karner, M. B., E. F. Delong and D. M. Karl. Archaeal dominance in the mesopelagic zone of the Pacific Ocean, Nature, 409: 507-510.

  129. 2001 Kessler, W. S., R. E. Davis, K. Takeuchi and R. Lukas. The Pacific Basin Extended Climate Study. In: Observing the Ocean for the 21st Century, C.J. Koblinsky and N.R. Smith (eds), Melbourne, Australia: Uniprint Pty. Ltd.

  130. 2001 Landry, M.R., H. Al-Mutairi, K.E. Selph, S. Christensen and S, Nunnery. Seasonal patterns of mesozooplankton abundance and biomass at Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Res. II. 48: 2037-2062.

  131. 2001 Laws, E. A., B. N. Popp, R. R. Bidigare, U. Riebesell, S. Burkhardt and S. G. Wakeham. Controls on the molecular distribution and carbon isotopic composition of alkenones in certain haptophyte algae. Geochem. Geophys. Geosys. 2: Paper number 2000GC000057.

  132. 2001 Leonard, C. L., R. R. Bidigare, M. P. Seki and J. J. Polovina. Interannual mesoscale physical and biological variability in the North Pacific Central Gyre. Prog. Oceanogr. 49: 227-244.

  133. 2001 Lukas, R. Freshening of the Upper Thermocline in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre Associated With Decadal Changes of Rainfall. Geophys. Res.Lett., 28, 3485-3488.

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  137. 2001 Send, U., R. Weller, S. Cunningham, C. Eriksen, T. Dickey, M. Kawabe, R. Lukas, M. McCartney and S. Osterhus. Oceanographic Timeseries Observatories. In: Observing the Ocean for the 21st century. C. Koblinsky and N. Smith, eds., Melbourne, Australia: Uniprint Pty. Ltd.

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  139. 2001 Zehr, J. P., P. J. Turner, E. Omoregie, A. Hansen, G. F. Steward, J. B. Waterbury, J. P. Montoya and D. M. Karl. Unicellular cyanobacteria fix N2 in the North Pacific Ocean. Nature 412: 635-638.

  140. 2002 Benitez-Nelson, C. R. and D. M. Karl. Phosphorus cycling in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre using cosmogenic 32P and 33P. Limnology and Oceanography, 47: 762-770.

  141. 2002 Campbell, J. W., D. Antoine, R. Armstrong, K. Arrigo, W. Balch, R. Barber, M. Behrenfeld, R. Bidigare, J. Bishop, M.-E. Carr, W. Esaias, P. Falkowski, N. Hoepffner, R. Iverson, D. Kiefer, S. Lohrenz, J. Marra, A. Morel, J. Ryan, V. Vedernikov, K. Waters, C. Yentsch, and J. Yoder. Comparison of algorithms for estimating ocean primary productivity from surface chlorophyll, temperature, and irradiance. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 16 (3): 9, 1-15.

  142. 2002 Church, M. J., H. W. Ducklow and D. M. Karl. Multi-year increases in dissolved organic matter inventories at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Limnology and Oceanography, 47: 1-10.

  143. 2002 Dickson, A., R. Bidigare, J. Hedges, K. Johnson, D. LeBlanc, C. Lee, A. McNichol, F. Millero, J. Moffet, W. Moore, E. Peltzer and S. Van Den Berg. Chemical Reference Materials: Setting the Standards for Ocean Science, The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 130 p.

  144. 2002 Dore, J. E., J. R. Brum, L. Tupas and D. M. Karl. Seasonal and interannual variability in sources of nitrogen supporting export in the oligotrophic subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Limnology and Oceanography, 47: 1595-1607.

  145. 2002 Emerson, S., C. Stump, B. Johnson and D. M. Karl. In situ determination of oxygen and nitrogen concentrations in the upper ocean. Deep-Sea Research I, 49: 941-952.

  146. 2002 Fennel, K. Y. H. Spitz, R. M. Letelier, M. R. Abbott and D. M. Karl. A deterministic model for N2-fixation at Station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Deep-Sea Research II, 49: 149-174.

  147. 2002 Finnigan, T.D., D.S. Luther and R. Lukas. Observations of enhanced diapycnal mixing near the Hawaiian Ridge. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 32, 2988-3002.

  148. 2002 Karl, D. M. Nutrient dynamics in the deep blue sea. Trends in Microbiology 10: 410-418.

  149. 2002 Karl, D. M., R. R. Bidigare and R. M. Letelier. Sustained and aperiodic variability in organic matter production and phototrophic microbial community structure in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. In: P. J. le B. Williams, D. R. Thomas and C. S. Reynolds, Eds., Phytoplankton Productivity and Carbon Assimilation in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, Blackwell Publishers, London, pp. 222-264.

  150. 2002 Karl, D. M. and K. M. Björkman. Dynamics of DOP. In: D. Hansell and C. Carlson, Eds., Biogeochemistry of Marine Dissolved Organic Matter, pp. 246-366, Elsevier Science.

  151. 2002 Karl, D. M., A. Michaels, B. Bergman, D. Capone, E. Carpenter, R. Letelier, F. Lipschultz, H. Paerl, D. Sigman and L. Stal. Dinitrogen fixation in the world's oceans. Biogeochemistry, 57/58: 47-98.

  152. 2002 Landry, M.R. Integrating classical and microbial food web concepts: Evolving views from the open-ocean tropical Pacific. Hydrobiologia 480: 29-39.

  153. 2002 Landry, M. R. and D.L. Kirchman. Microbial community structure and variability in the tropical Pacific. Deep-Sea Res. II 49: 2669-2694.

  154. 2002 Lee, K., D. M. Karl, J. Z. Zhang and R. Wanninkhof. Global estimates of net carbon production in the nitrate-depleted tropical and subtropical oceans. Geophysical Research Letters, 29: 13-1 to 13-4, doi: 10.1029/2001GL014198.

  155. 2002 Lomas, M. W., N. R. Bates, A. H. Knap, D. M. Karl, R. Lukas, M. R. Landry, R. R. Bidigare, D. K Steinberg and C. A. Carlson. Refining our understanding of oceanic biogeochemistry and ecosystem functioning. EOS 83: 559, 566-567.

  156. 2002 Neuer, S., R. Davenport, T. Freudenthal, G. Wefer, O. Llinas, M.-J Rueda, D. K. Steinberg and D. M. Karl. Differences in the biological carbon pump at three subtropical ocean sites. Geophysical Research Letters, 29: 32-1 to 32-4, doi: 10.1029/2002GL015393.

  157. 2002 Roman, M.R., H.A. Adolf, M.R. Landry, L.P. Madin, D.K. Steinberg and X. Zhang. Estimates of oceanic mesozooplankton production: A comparison using the Bermuda and Hawaii time-series data. Deep-Sea Res. II 49: 175-192.

  158. 2002 Smith, K.L., JR., R. J. Baldwin, D. M. Karl and A. Boetius. Benthic community responses to pulses in pelagic food supply: North Pacific subtropical gyre. Deep-Sea Research I 49:971-990.

  159. 2003 Banse, K., J. R. Postel. On using pigment-normalized, light-saturated carbon uptake with satellite-derived pigment for estimating column photosynthesis. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, Vol. 17, No. 3, 1079, doi: 10:1029/2002GBOO2021.

  160. 2003 Bidigare, R. R., C. Benitez-Nelson, C. L. Leonard, P. D. Quay, M. L. Parsons, D. G. Foley and M. P. Seki. Influence of a cyclonic eddy on microheterotroph biomass and carbon export in the lee of Hawaii. Geophys. Res. Letters 30 (6): 51, 1-4.

  161. 2003 Bidigare, R. R., L. Van Heukelem and C. C. Trees. HPLC phytoplankton pigments: Sampling, laboratory methods, and quality assurance procedures. In: Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 4, Volume V (J. L. Mueller, G. S. Fargion and C. R. McClain, Eds.), Chapter 2, NASA Technical Memorandum 2003-211621, pp. 5-14.

  162. 2003 Björkman, K. M. and D. M. Karl. Bioavailability of dissolved organic phosphorus in the euphotic zone at Station ALOHA, North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Limnology and Oceanography 48: 1049-1057.

  163. 2003 Brown, S.L., M.R. Landry, J. Neveux and C. Dupouy. Microbial community abundance and biomass along a 180° transect in the equatorial Pacific during an ENSO cold phase. J. Geophys. Res, in press.

  164. 2003 de la Torre, J. R., L. M. Christianson, O. Beja, M. T. Suzuki, D. M. Karl, J. Heidelberg, and E. F. Delong. Proteorhodopsin genes are distributed among divergent marine bacterial taxa. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 100: 12830-12835.

  165. 2003 Dore, J. E., R. Lukas, D. W. Sadler and D. M. Karl. Climate-driven changes to the atmospheric CO2 sink in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Nature, 424: 754-757.

  166. 2003 Johnson, K. S., V. A. Elrod, S. E. Fitzwater, J. N. Plant, F. P. Chavez, S. J. Tanner, R. M. Gordon, D. L. Westphal, K. D. Perry, J. Wu and D. M. Karl. Surface ocean - lower atmosphere interactions in the Northeast Pacific Ocean gyre: Aerosols, iron and the ecosystem response. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 17: 32-1 to 32-14, doi: 10.1029/2002GB002004.

  167. 2003 Karl, D. M., N. Bates, S. Emerson, P. J. Harrison, C. Jeandel, O. Llinas, K. K. Liu, J.-C. Marty, A. F. Michaels, J. C. Miquel, S. Neuer, Y. Noriji and C. S. Wong. Temporal studies of biogeochemical processes determined from ocean time-series obsevations during the JGOFS era. In: M. J. R. Fasham (ed.), Ocean Biogeochemistry: The Role of the Ocean Carbon Cycle in Global Change, Springer, New York, pp. 239-267.

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  169. 2003 Koblizek, M., O. Beja, R. R. Bidigare, S. Christensen, B. Benitez-Nelson, C. Vetriani, P. G. Falkowski and Z. Kolber. Isolation and characterization of Erythrobacter spp. strains from the upper ocean. Arch. Microbiol, in press.

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  171. 2003 Le Borgne, R. and M.R. Landry. EBENE: A JGOFS investigation of planktonic variability and trophic interactions in the equatorial Pacific (180°). J. Geophys. Res, in press.

  172. 2003 Trees, C.C., R. R. Bidigare, D. M. Karl, L. Van Heukelem and J. Dore. Fluorometric Chlorophyll a: Sampling, laboratory methods, and data analysis protocols. In: Ocean Optics Protocols for Satellite Ocean Color Sensor Validation, Revision 4, Volume V (J. L. Mueller, G. S. Fargion and C. R. McClain, Eds.), Chapter 3, NASA Technical Memorandum 2003-211621, pp. 15-25.

  173. 2004 Bidigare, R. R., L. Van Heukelem and C. C. Trees. Analysis of algal pigments by high-performance liquid chromatography. In: Culturing Methods & Growth Measurements (R. A. Andersen, Ed.), Academic Press, New York, pp. 327-342.

  174. 2004 Brum, J. R., G. F. Steward and D. M. Karl. A novel method for the measurement of dissolved deoxyribonucleic acid in seawater. Limnology and Oceanography, Methods, 2:248-255.

  175. 2004 Church, M. J., H. W. Ducklow and D. M. Karl. Light-dependence of 3H-leucine incorporation in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70: 4079-4087.

  176. 2004 Landry, M. R. and A. Calbet. Microzooplankton production in the oceans. ICES Journal of Marine Science 61: 501-507.

  177. 2004 Letelier, R. M., D. M. Karl, M. R. Abbott and R. R. Bidigare. Light driven seasonal patterns of chlorophyll and nitrate in the lower euphotic zone of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Limnology and Oceanography, 49:508-519.

  178. 2004 Sakamoto, C. M., D. M. Karl, H. W. Jannasch, R. R. Bidigare, R. M. Letelier, P. M. Walz, J. P. Ryan, P. S. Polito and K. S. Johnson. Influence of Rossby waves on nutrient dynamics and the plankton community structure in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Journal of Geophysical Research (Oceans), 109: C05032, doi: 10.1029/2003JC001976.

  179. 2004 Sheridan, C. C. and M. R. Landry. A 9-year increasing trend in mesozooplankton biomass at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station ALOHA. ICES Journal of Marine Science 61:457-463.

  180. 2004 Williams, P. J. le B., P. J. Morris and D. M. Karl. Net community production and metabolic balance at the oligotrophic ocean site: Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Research, 51 : 1563-1578.

  181. 2005 Björkman, K. M. and D. M. Karl. Presence of dissolved nucleotides in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre and their role in cycling of dissolved organic phosphorus. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 39: 193-203.

  182. 2005 Church, M. J., B. D. Jenkins, D. M. Karl and J. P. Zehr. Vertical distributions of nitrogen-fixing phylotypes at Stn ALOHA in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Aquatic Microbial Ecology 38: 3-14.

  183. 2005 Church, M. J., C. M. Short, B. D. Jenkins, D. M. Karl and J. P. Zehr. Temporal patterns of nitrogenase gene (nif H) expression in the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 71: 5362-5370.

  184. 2005 Colman, A. S., R. E. Blake, D. M. Karl, M. L. Fogel and K. K. Turekian. Marine phosphate oxygen isotopes and organic matter remineralization in the oceans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 102: 13023-13028.

  185. 2005 Johnston, W., Cooney, A. Schorlemmer, S. Pohl, D. M. Karl and R. Bidigare. Carbon mass balance methodology to characterize the growth of pigmented marine bacteria under conditions of light cycling. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 27: 163-174.

  186. 2005 Landry, M. R. and A. Calbet. Reality checks on microbial food web interactions in dilution experiments: Responses to the comments of Dolan and McKeon. Ocean Science 1: 39-44.

  187. 2005 Prahl, F. G., B. N. Popp, D. M. Karl and M. A. Sparrow. Ecology and biogeochemistry of alkenone production at Station ALOHA. Deep-Sea Research I, 52: 699-719.

  188. 2006 Brix, H., N. Gruber, D. M. Karl and N. R. Bates. Interannual variability in the relationship between primary, net community, and export production in subtropical gyres. Deep-Sea Research II, 53: 698-717.

  189. 2006 Church, M. J., H. W. Ducklow, R. M. Letelier and D. M. Karl. Temporal and vertical dynamics in picoplankton photoheterotrophic production in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 45: 41-53.

  190. 2006 Corno, G., R. M. Letelier, M. R. Abbott and D. M. Karl. Assessing primary production variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: A comparison of Fast Repitition Rate Fluorometry and 14C measurements. Journal of Phycology, 42: 51-60.

  191. 2006 DeLong, E. F., C. M. Preston, T. Mincer, V. Rich, S. J. Hallam, N.-U. Frigaard, A. Martinez, M. B. Sullivan, R. Edwards, B. R. Brito, S. W. Chisholm and D. M. Karl. Community genomics among stratified microbial assemblages in the ocean's interior. Science, 311: 496-503.

  192. 2006 Huisman, J., N. N. P. Thi, D. M. Karl and B. Sommeijer. Reduced mixing generates oscillations and chaos in the deep chlorophyll maximum. Nature, 439: 322-325.

  193. 2006 Huntley, M. E., M. D. G. Lopez, M. Zhou and M.R. Landry. Seasonal dynamics and ecosystem impact of mesozooplankton at Station ALOHA, based on OPC measurements. Journal Geophysical Research- Oceans, in press.

  194. 2006 White, A., Y. Spitz, D. M. Karl and R. M. Letelier. Flexible elemental stoichiometry in Trichodesmium spp. and its ecological implications. Limnology and Oceanography, 51: 1777-1790.

  195. 2007 Buesseler, K. O., C. H. Lamborg, P. W. Boyd, P. J. Lam, T. W. Trull, R. R. Bidigare, J. K. B. Bishop, K. L. Casciotti, F. Dehairs, M. Elskens, M. Honda, D. M. Karl, D. Siegel, M. W. Silver, D. K. Steinberg, J. Valdes, B. Van Mooy and S. Wilson. Revisiting carbon flux through the ocean's twilight zone. Science, 316: 567-570.

  196. 2007 Corno, G., D. M. Karl, M. J. Church, R. M. Letelier, R. Lukas, R. R. Bidigare and M. R. Abbott. Impact of climate forcing on ecosystem processes in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Journal of Geophysical Research, 112, C04021, doi:10.1029/2006JC003730.

  197. 2007 Karl, D. M. The marine phosphorus cycle. In: Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Third Edition, ed. by C. J. Hurst et al., American Society of Microbiology, Washington, D.C., pp. 523-539.

  198. 2007 Karl, D. M. Microbial oceanography: paradigms, processes and promise. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 5: 759-769.

  199. 2007 McAndrew, P. M., K. M. Björkman, M. J. Church, P. J. Morris, N. Jachowski, P. J. le B. Williams and D. M. Karl. Metabolic response of oligotrophic plankton communities to deep water nutrient enrichment. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 332: 63-75.

  200. 2007 Mincer, T. J., M. J. Church, L. T. Taylor, C. Preston, D. M. Karl and E. F. DeLong. Quantitative distribution of presumptive archaeal and bacterial nitrifiers in Monterey Bay and the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Environmental Microbiology, doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01239.x.

  201. 2007 Zehr, J. P., J. P. Montoya, C. Short, A. Hansen, B. D. Jenkins, M. J. Church and D. M. Karl. Experiments linking nitrogenase gene expression to nitrogen fixation in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Limnology and Oceanography, 52: 169-183.

  202. 2008 Buesseler, K. O., T. W. Trull, D. K. Steinberg, M. W. Silver, D. A. Siegel, S.-I. Saitoh, C. H. Lamborg, P. J. Lam, D. M. Karl, N. Z. Jiao, M. C. Honda, M. Elskens, F. Dehairs, S. L. Brown, P. W. Boyd, J. K. B. Bishop and R. R. Bidigare. VERTIGO (VERtical Transport In the Global Ocean): a study of particle sources and flux attenuation in the North Pacific. Deep-Sea Research II, 55: 1522-1539.

  203. 2008 Corno, G., R. M. Letelier, M. R. Abbott and D. M. Karl. Temporal and vertical variability in photosynthesis in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Limnology and Oceanography, 53: 1252-1265.

  204. 2008 Dore, J. E., R. M. Letelier, M. J. Church, R. Lukas and D. M. Karl. Summer phytoplankton blooms in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre: Historical perspective and recent observations. Progress in Oceanography, 76:2-38.

  205. 2008 Grabowski, M. N. W., M. J. Church and D. M. Karl. Nitrogen fixation rates and controls at Stn ALOHA. Aquatic Microbial Ecology, 52: 175-183.

  206. 2008 Hannides, C. C. S., M. R. Landry, C. R. Benitez-Nelson, R. M. Styles, J. P. Montoya and D. M. Karl,. Export stoichiometry and migrant-mediated flux of phosphorus in the North Pacific subtropical gyre. Deep-Sea Research I, 56: 73-88.

  207. 2008 Karl, D. M., L. Beversdorf, K. M. Björkman, M. J. Church, A. Martinez and E. F. DeLong. Aerobic production of methane in the sea. Nature Geoscience, 1: 473-478.

  208. 2008 Karl, D. M., R. R. Bidigare, M. J. Church, J. E. Dore, R. M. Letelier, C. Mahaffey and J. Zehr. The nitrogen cycle in the North Pacific trades biome: An evolving paradigm. In: Nitrogen in the Marine Environment, ed. by D. G. Capone, D. A. Bronk, M. R. Mulholland and E. J. Carpenter, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, pp. 705-769.

  209. 2008 Karl, D. M. and R. M. Letelier. Nitrogen fixation-enhanced carbon sequestration in low nitrate, low chlorophyll seascapes. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 364: 257-268.

  210. 2008 Letelier, R. M., P. G. Strutton and D. M. Karl. Physical and ecological uncertainties in the widespread implementation of controlled upwelling in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 371: 305-308.

  211. 2008 Moutin, T., D. M. Karl, S. Duhamel, P. Rimmelin, P. Raimbault, B. A. S. Van Mooy and H. Claustre. Phosphate availability and the ultimate control of new nitrogen input by nitrogen fixation in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Biogeosciences, 5: 95-109.

  212. 2008 Steinberg, D. K., B. A. S. Van Mooy, K. O. Buesseler, P. W. Boyd, T. Kobari and D. M. Karl. Bacterial vs. zooplankton control of sinking particle flux in the ocean's twilight zone. Limnology and Oceanography, 53: 1327-1338.

  213. 2009 Bidigare, R. R., F. Chai, M. R. Landry, C. C. S. Hannides, S. Christensen, D. M. Karl, R. Lukas and Y. Chao. Subtropical ocean ecosystem structure changes forced by North Pacific climate variations. Journal of Marine Research, in press.

  214. 2009 Bowler, C., D. M. Karl and R. R. Colwell. Microbial oceanography in a sea of opportunity. Nature, 459: 180-184.

  215. 2009 Church, M., C. Mahaffey, R. Letelier, R. Lukas, J. Zehr and D. Karl. Physical forcing of nitrogen fixation and diazotroph community structure in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 23:GB2020, doi:10.1029/2008GB003418.

  216. 2009 Dore, J. E., R. Lukas, D. W. Sadler, M. J. Church and D. M. Karl. Physical and biogeochemical modulation of ocean acidification in the central North Pacific. Proceedings of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, 106: 12235-12240.

  217. 2009 Eiler, A., D. H. Hayakawa, M. J. Church, D. M. Karl and M. S. Rappe. Dynamics of the SAR11 bacterioplankton lineage in relation to environmental conditions in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical gyre. Environmental Microbiology, 11: 2291-2300.

  218. 2009 Hewson, I., R. W. Paerl, H. J. Tripp, J. P. Zehr and D. M. Karl of the central Pacific ocean tracks variability in oceanic habitat. Limnology and Oceanography, in press.

  219. 2009 Karl, D. M. and R. Letelier. Marine habitats and conditions for microbial growth. In: M. Schaechter (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Microbiology, Third edition, Elsevier, Oxford, pp. 258-277.

  220. 2009 Karl, D. M. and R. M. Letelier. Seascape microbial ecology: Habitat structure, biodiversity and ecosystem function. In: S. A. Levin (Ed.), The Princeton Guide to Ecology, Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey, pp. 488-500.

  221. 2009 Konstantinidis, K. T., J. Braff, D. M. Karl and E. F. DeLong. Comparative metagenomic analysis of a microbial community residing at a depth of 4,000 meters at Station ALOHA in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75: 5345-5355.

  222. 2009 Moore, R. M., S. Punshon, C. Mahaffey and D. Karl. The relationship between dissolved hydrogen and nitrogen fixation in ocean waters. Deep-Sea Research I, 56: 1449-1458.

  223. 2009 Sigman, D. M., P. J. DiFiore, M. P. Hain, C. Deutsch and D. M. Karl. Sinking organic matter spreads the nitrogen isotope signal of pelagic denitrification in the North Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters, 36, L08605, doi:10.1029/2008GL035784.

  224. 2009 Sigman, D. M., P. J. DiFiore, M. P. Hain, C. Deutsch, Y. Wang, D. M. Karl, A. N. Knapp, M. F. Lehmann and S. Pantoja. The dual isotopes of deep nitrate as a constraint on the cycle and budget of oceanic fixed nitrogen. Deep-Sea Research I, 56: 1419-1439.

  225. 2009 Van Mooy, B. A. S., H. F. Fredricks, B. E. Pedler, S. T. Dyhrman, D. M. Karl, M. Koblizek, M. W. Lomas, T. J. Mincer, L. R. Moore, T. Moutin, M. S. Rappe and E. A. Webb. Phytoplankton in the ocean use non-phosphorus lipids in response to phosphorus scarcity. Nature 458: 69-72.