HOT-175: Chief Scientist Report
Chief Scientist: F. SANTIAGO-MANDUJANO
HOT-175 Chief Scientist's Cruise Report
R/V Kilo Moana
November 10-14, 2005
Cruise ID: KM0519
Departed: November 10, 2005 at 0900 (HST)
Returned: November 14, 2005 at 0730
Vessel: R/V Kilo Moana
Operator: University of Hawaii
Master of the Vessel: Captain Rick Meyer
Chief Scientist: Fernando Santiago-Mandujano
OTG Electronics/Deck Operations Technicians: Tim McGovern/Kuhio Vellalos
1. SCIENTIFIC OBJECTIVES
The objective of this cruise was to maintain a collection of
hydrographic and biogeochemical data at the Hawaii Ocean Time-series
(HOT) stations. Five stations were to be occupied during the cruise,
in the following order:
1) Station 1, referred to as Station Kahe, is located at 21 20.6'N,
158 16.4'W and was to be occupied on November 10 for about 2 hours.
2) Station 2: ALOHA (A Long Term Oligotrophic Habitat Assessment) is
defined as a circle with a 6 nautical mile radius centered at 22 45'N,
158W. This is the main HOT Station and was to be occupied for 3 days
from November 11 to 13.
3) Station 51, is the site of the MOSEAN Mooring, located at 22 46.009'N,
158 5.533'W was to be occupied on the 4th day of the cruise for about 30
minutes.
4) Station 50, is the site of the WHOTS Mooring, located at 22 46.1 N,
157 53.4 W was to be occupied on the 4th day of the cruise for about two
hours.
5) Station 6, referred to as Station Kaena, is located off Kaena Point
at 21 50.8'N, 158 21.8'W was to be occupied on the 4th day of the cruise
for about 2 hours.
A single CTD cast was to be conducted at Station 1 to collect
continuous profiles of various physical and chemical parameters. Water
samples were to be collected at discrete depths for biogeochemical
measurements.
Upon arrival at Station ALOHA, the free-drifting sediment trap array
was to be deployed, followed by four shallow CTD casts (<200 m) to
collect water for incubation experiments. The sediment trap array was
to stay in the water for about 52 hours. After this, a full-depth CTD
cast was to be conducted, followed by 1000-m CTD casts at strict 3 hour
intervals for at least 36 hours for continuous and discrete data
collection, ending with another full-depth CTD cast.
One free-drifting array was to be deployed for 12 hours for incubation
experiments on November 12.
A plankton net was to be towed near noon and midnight for 30-min intervals
on November 11 and 12 at Station ALOHA by M. Landry.
A hand-held plankton net was to be deployed for 20-min intervals during
the cruise by C. Mahaffey.
After CTD work at Station ALOHA was accomplished, the ship was to
transit to recover the floating sediment trap array.
After recovering the sediment traps, the ship was to transit to Sta. 51
to conduct a 200-m CTD cast, and then back to Station ALOHA to conduct
two more 1000-m CTD casts, and light casts (PRR, AC9/FRRf). At the end
of these operations, the ship was to transit to Station 50 to conduct
operations with a small boat, and a 200-m CTD cast. The operations with
the small boat consisted in retrieving a Glider and repairing the
anemometer on the WHOTS buoy. After conducting these operations, the
ship was to transit to Station 6.
A near-bottom CTD cast (~2500 m) was to be conducted at Station 6
including salinity samples for calibration, after which the ship was
to transit back to Snug Harbor.
A Profiling Reflectance Radiometer (PRR) was to be deployed for half-hour
periods near noon time on November 11 and 13.
A package including a Wet Labs AC9, a Chelsea Fast Repetition Rate
Fluorometer (FRRf), and a SeaBird Seacat was to be used to profile the
upper 200 m at Sta. ALOHA at noon time on November 11, 12, and 13, and
in the early morning on November 13.
An Automated Trace Element Sampler (ATE) was to be deployed once
on November 13.
The following instruments were to collect data throughout the cruise:
shipboard ADCP, thermosalinograph, and two anemometers.
2. SCIENCE PERSONNEL
BEACH group:
Cruise Participant Title Affiliation
Karin Bjorkman Research Specialist UH
Marina Brandon Graduate Student UH
Susan Curless Research Associate UH
Ken Doggett Research Associate UH
Allison Fong Graduate Student UH
Lance Fujieki (Watch Leader) Computer Specialist UH
Eric Grabowski Research Associate UH
Tom Gregory Research Associate UH
Cooper Guest Undergraduate Student UH
Adriana Harlan Technician UH
Mike Landry Scientist UCSD
Claire Mahaffey Research Specialist UH
Kristina Mojica Graduate Student UH
Blake Watkins Marine Engineer UH
PO group:
Suzanne Defelice Research Associate UH
Paul Lethaby (Watch Leader) Research Associate UH
Chris Ostrander Graduate Student UH
Fernando Santiago-Mandujano Chief Scientist (Res. Assoc.) UH
Justin Smith Undergraduate Student UH
Steven Tottori Marine Technician UH
Joji Uchikawa Graduate Student UH
Others:
Darin Hayakawa Graduate Student UH
Ian Hewson Postdoc UC Santa Cruz
Sam Laney Graduate Student OSU
Rachel Poretsky Graduate Student U Georgia
Charles Stump Technician U Washington
3. GENERAL SUMMARY
Operations during the cruise were interrupted on the second day due to
the loss of the CTD/Rosette package. The CTD cable broke at 100 m
during the first cast of the 36-hr burst period, and the CTD/rosette
package including the Satlantic ISUS Nitrate sensor sank to the bottom.
The incident happened at 12:37, November 11 when the CTD was being brought
back to the surface. The cable broke near the crane's sheave, at the
passage of a wave. Coordinates 22 44.997'N, 157 59.995'W. Operations
continued after cutting about 540 m of wire, and using the OTG (STAG)
rosette, bottles, CTD, sensors, and spare sensors from the PO group.
One 1000-m CTD cast was conducted at Kahe station. Twelve 1000-m CTD
casts, two deep casts, (~4740 m, and 4000 m), four 200-m casts and one
100-m cast were conducted at Station ALOHA. One 1000-m CTD cast was
conducted near the MOSEAN mooring (Station 51), and one 200-m cast near
the WHOTS mooring (Station 50). One 2000-m cast was conducted at
station Kaena (Station 6).
The array of floating sediment traps, and the primary productivity
incubation array were deployed and recovered without incidents. The
arrays drifted northwest.
C. Stump retrieved his Glider.
P. Lethaby fixed the anemometer on the WHOTS buoy.
M. Landry and C. Mahaffey conducted successfully their respective net
tows. Landry's old style net ripped at the surface upon recovery during the
second tow of the cruise and was not used anymore. One of the tows was
compromised because a half burnt cigarette, probably discharged from the
ship was caught in the net.
The PRR and AC9/FRRf were deployed as needed.
The Automated Trace-Element Sampler was successfully used to collect
one trace metal sample.
The ADCP ran without interruption throughout the cruise, as well as the
thermosalinograph, and the ship's two anemometers.
Winds were easterlies at about 15 kt during the cruise, decreasing
to 10 kt and becoming southerlies by the end of the cruise.
We arrived back at Snug Harbor on November 14 at 0730. Only scientific
personnel and some of the samples were unloaded, as the ship departed
at 1000 for a three day cruise to try to recover the CTD, and to
conduct other experiments. Full off-load took place November 17.
4. R/V KILO MOANA, OFFICERS AND CREW, TECHNICAL SUPPORT
The R/V Kilo Moana continues to maintain the excellent ship
support for our work. The officers and crew were most helpful and
accommodating. They showed enthusiasm and concern for our work and
were very flexible in receiving changes in our operational schedule.
Technical support during this cruise was excellent. OTG personnel were
available at any time to assist in our work and made things much easier
for us.
5. DAILY REPORT OF ACTIVITIES (HST)
November 9, 2005; Loading Day
Equipment loaded during this day. CTD wire was re-terminated and CTD
system tested.
November 10, 2005
The ship departed from Snug harbor at 0900. Safety briefing by the
Captain conducted at 0945, followed by a science meeting in which
cruise activities were briefly reviewed, and safety issues were
addressed. This was followed by the fire and abandon ship drills at
1030.
Arrived to Kahe Station at 1130. A weight cast (400 lb) to 500 m was
conducted.
The Profiling Reflectance Radiometer (PRR) was deployed at 1230
A CTD 1000-m CTD cast was conducted at 1250. After the cast
ended, the ship headed towards Station ALOHA.
The ship arrived to Station ALOHA at 2210, and the sediment traps array
was deployed at 2340. The array was deployed at the center of ALOHA.
November 11, 2005
Two 200-m CTD cast were conducted at 0000 and 0100 respectively, one
100-m CTD cast at 0215, and one 200-m cast at 0314 at Station ALOHA.
One near-bottom CTD cast was conducted at 0437. The CTD cable had a
kink about 3 m from the package after this cast and had to be
reterminated.
The first 1000-m cast of the 36-hr CTD burst period started at 1130,
and the CTD cable parted at 1237, when the CTD was at 100 dbar during
the upcast. Coordinates 22 44.997'N, 157 59.995'W. The following
equipment was lost.
One Scripps Rosette
24 Scripps 12-l sampling bottles
One SeaBird CTD 911plus SN 92859
Two SeaBird Temperature sensors SN 2700 and 2242
Two SeaBird Conductivity sensors SN 2725 and 2541
Two SeaBird Oxygen sensors SN 43325 and 43134
Two SeaBird pumps SN 052459 and 053219
One SeaBird Carousel SN 0223
One Satlantic ISUS Nitrate sensor SN 057
One Datasonics Altimeter SN 958
One Benthos Pinger SN 1232
One SeaPoint Fluorometer SN 2440
After the incident, about 540 m of wire were cut from the CTD drum, and
the cable was tension tested on board to 5000 lb. The rosette, bottles,
CTD, and sensors from the OTG (STAG) group were used, as well as spare
sensors from the PO group to continue operations. CTD operations
continued at 1811. Two 1000-m CTD casts were conducted this day.
Two consecutive AC9/Frrf casts were conducted near noon.
M. Landry conducted one net tow at 1000, and two consecutive tows at night.
The old style net ripped at the surface upon recovery and was not used
anymore.
Easterlies at 15-20 kts, with slight rain.
November 12, 2005
Eight 1000-m and one 200-m CTD casts were conducted on this day. Three
kinks were found in the CTD wire, near the package after the first of
these casts. The cable was reterminated.
The primary productivity array was deployed at 0540 and recovered at
1830 without any problems. The array drifted NW about 7 km.
The ATE was deployed at 0925.
One PRR cast and one AC9/FRRf casts were conducted at noon time.
M. Landry conducted two consecutive net tows in the early morning,
two near noon, and one more at night.
Easterly winds at 15-20 kts, with occasional rain.
November 13, 2005
One 1000-m and one 4000-m CTD casts were conducted at ALOHA. The
36-hr CTD burst period was 3 hr short.
One AC9/FRRf cast was conducted at 0020.
The sediment traps array was recovered at 0450. The array drifted NW
about 24 km.
Small boat operations were conducted at 1100, during which a Glider was
recovered by C. Stump; and P. Lethaby repaired the anemometer from the
WHOTS buoy. The glider was recovered about 4 km from the WHOTS buoy.
One 200-m cast was conducted near the WHOTS mooring, and one 1000-m
cast was conducted near the MOSEAN mooring.
One 2000-m cast was conducted at Kaena Sta.
Winds of about 10 kt from the south southeast
November 14, 2005
Arrived at Snug Harbor at 0730. Off-loading of science personnel and
some of the samples. Ship departed at 1000 for a three day cruise to
try to recover the CTD, and to conduct other experiments.
November 17, 2005
Full off-load.
Sub component programs:
Investigator: Project/Institution:
----------------- --------------------
Bob Bidigare HPLC pigments/UH
Mike Landry Zooplankton dynamics/UH
John Dore CO2 dynamics/UH
Claire Mahaffey Assessment of Nitrogen Fixation Rates/UH
Ancillary programs:
Investigator: Project/Institution:
----------------- --------------------
Charles Keeling CO2 dynamics and intercalibration/SIO
Mark Abbott/Ricardo Letelier Optical measurements/OSU
Paul Quay DI13C and O isotopes/UW
Penny Chisholm Prochlorococcus population dynamics/MIT
Matthew Church/Allison Fong Diversity and activities of nitrogen-fixing
microorganisms/UH
Ancillary research during this cruise:
Investigator: Project/Institution:
----------------- --------------------
Sam Laney Optical characterization of photosynthetic
parameters/OSU
Michael Rappe/Darin Hayakawa/ Marine bacterioplankton community structure/UH
Marina Brandon
Ian Hewson/Rachel Poretsky Open ocean bacterioplankton
transcriptome/UCSC/UG
Ian Hewson Meso and bathypelagic diazotroph dynamics/UCSC
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