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Home > Course Material > Week 2

 
Reading Material
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Week 2: Microbial activity and biomass

Monday June 26, 2006: Historical developments and biomass

Lecture: Geophysiology: from Pasteur and Hutton via Vernadsky, Redfield to Lovelock 1) Cybernetics, Homeostasis, Redfield and Nutrient Control in the Oceans

Essential reading:

Redfield A. C. (1958) The biological control of chemical factors in the environment. Am. Sci. 46 205-222. (read pages 205 to 211 and mid 217-end, give particular attention to p.211)

Supplementary reading:

Redfield A. C. (1934) On the proportions of organic derivatives in sea water and their relation to the composition of plankton. Pages 176-192. In: James Johnstone Memorial Volume. University of Liverpool Press: Liverpool.

Redfield A. C., Ketchum B. H. and Richards F. A.. (1963) The influence of organisms on the composition of sea water. Pages 26-77. In M. N. Hill and others, editors. The Sea, v. 2. Interscience: New York and London.

Lenton T. M. and Watson A. J. (2000) Redfield revisited. Regulation of nitrate, phosphate and oxygen. Global Biog. Cycles 14 225-248

Lenton T. M. and Watson A. J. (2000) Redfield revisited. What regulates the oxygen content of the atmosphere?. Global Biog. Cycles 14 249-268

2) The Biosphere, Climate Stabilization, Lovelock and Daisyworld-(P.J. le B Williams)

Essential reading:

Watson, A. J and Lovelock, J E. (1983) Biological homeostasis of the global environment: the parable of Daisyworld. Tellus 35B 284-289 (read Sections 1, 3, skip the equations if you wish, 4 & 5)

Supplementary reading:

Lovelock J. E. (1975) Thermodynamics and the regognition of alien biospheres. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. Series B 189 167-181

Lovelock J. E. and Margulis, L. (1974) Atmospheric homeotatsis by and for the biosphere: the Gaia hypothesis. Tellus 26 1-9

Lenton T. M. (1998) Gaia and natural selection. Nature 394 439-447

Colloquium on “Reporting and Citing in Science”- P.J. leB. Williams

Massana et al. (2001) Changes in marine bacterioplankton phylogenetic composition during incubations designed to measure biogeochemically significant parameters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 46 1181-1188

Thingstad et al. (1997). Accumulation of degradable DOC in surface waters: Is it caused by a malfunctioning microbial loop. Limnol Oceanogr., 42 398-404 0

Ferguson et al. (1984) “Response of Marine Bacterioplankton to Differential Filtration and Confinement”. Appl. Environ. Res., 47 49-55

Tuesday June 27, 2006 - The soil of the sea and organic matter production

Lecture: The Ocean Carbon Budget: Can we Make Sense from Nonsense- (P.J. le B Williams)

Essential reading:

del Giorgio, et al. (1997) Respiration rates in bacteria exceed plankton production in unproductive aquatic systems. Nature 385, 148-151

Duarte, C. M. and Agusti, S. (1998) The CO2 balance of unproductive aquatic ecosystems. Science. 281 234-236.

Williams, P. J. le B. (1998) The Balance of Plankton Respiration and Photosynthesis in the Open Oceans. Nature 394 55-57.

Supplementary reading:

Duarte and Prairie (2005) Prevalence of Heterotrophy and Atmospheric CO2 Emissions from Aquatic Ecosystems. Ecosystems 8 862-870

Serret et al (1999) Seasonal compensation of microbial production and respiration in a temperate sea. MEPS 187 43-57

Williams, Peter J. le B., Morris Paul J and. Karl David M (2004) Net Community Production and Metabolic Balance at the Oligotrophic Ocean Site, Station ALOHA. Deep Sea Res 51: 1563-1578

Karl, D.,M., Laws, E. A., Morris, P, J., Williams, P. J. le B and Emerson S. (2003) Metabolic balance in the sea. Nature 426 32

Williams, P. J. le B. and Bowers, D. G. (1999) Regional carbon imbalances in the oceans. Science 284 1735b.

Duarte, C. M., Agusti S, del Giorgio, P. A., and Cole, J. J. (1999) Regional carbon imbalances in the oceans. Science 284 1735b

Dachs et al., 2005 High atmospheric-ocean exchange of organic carbon in the NE subtropical Atlantic. Geophys Res Letters 32 L21807

del Giorgio and Williams (2004) Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems Oxford University Press. Chapter 9, sections 9.2, 9.4 & 9.5 Chapter 14 (PDFs provided)

Lecture: Dissolved Organic Matter- fuel for the microbial loop - Dan Repeta

Aluwihare, L.I et al., (1997) "A mojor biopolymeric component to dissolved organic carbon in surface sea water" Nature, 387 166-169

Carlson, C.A. (1994) "Anual flux of dissolved organic carbon from the euphotic zone in the northwestern Sargasso Sea" Nature, 371 405-408

Norman, B. and Zwelfel, U.L. (1995) Production and utilization of dissolved organic carbon during an experimental diatom bloom. Limnol. Oceanogr., 40(5), 898-907

Williams, P.M and Druffel, R.M (1987) "Radiocarbon in dissolved organic matter in the Central North Pacific Ocean" Nature, 330 246-248

Repeta, D.J and Aluwihare, L.I (2006) Radiocarbon analysis of neutral sugars in high-molecular-weight dissolved organic carbon: Implications for organic carbon cycling. Limnol. Oceanogr., 51(2) 312-320

 

Wednesday June 28, 2006 - Dave Kirchman

Ducklow H.W. (2003) "Biogeochemical Provinces: Towards a JGOFS Synthesis" Ocean Biogeochemestry, Chapter 1 3-17

Ducklow H. (2000) "Bacterial Production and biomass in the oceans" Microbial Ecology of the Oceans, 85-120

Kirchman D.L. (2004) "A primer on dissolved organicmaterial and heterotrophic prokaryotes in the oceans" Kluwer Academic Publishers, 31-63

Malmstrom R.R. (2005) "Biomass Production and Assimilation of Dissolved Organic Matter by SAR11 Bacteria in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean" Applied and Environmentanl Microbiology, 71 2979-2986

Cottrell M.T. and Kirchman D.L. (2000) "Natural Assemblages of Marine Proteobacteria and Members of the Cytophaga-Flavobacter Cluster Consuming Low- and High- Molecular-Weight Dissolved Organic Matter" Applied and Environmentanl Microbiology, 66 1692-1697

Thursday June 29, 2006 - Production and Respiration

Lecture: Respiration - the dark side of the moon (P.J. leB. Williams)

Essential reading:

del Giorgio and Williams (2004) Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems Oxford University Press. Chapter 1, sections 1.2 & 1.4; Chapter 9, sections 9.2 & 9.3

Supplementary reading:

del Giorgio and Williams (2004) Respiration in Aquatic Ecosystems Oxford University Press. Chapter 9, sections 9.2 9.4 & 9.5

Reading material:

Cottrell M.T. et al. (2006) "Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria in the Mid-Atlantic Bight and the North Pacific Gyre" Applied and Environmentanl Microbiology, 72 557-564

Church, M.J. et al. (2004) "Light Dependence of [3H]Leucine Incorporation in the Oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean" Applied and Environmentanl Microbiology, 70 4079–4087

Karl, D.M. (2002) "Hidden in a sea of microbes" Nature, 415 590-591

Friday June 30, 2006 - Food Webs and Nutrients

Lecture: Let's Build a Planktonic Food web from a set of Commandments from Physics and Thermodynamics - well and bit of Biology also - (P.J. le B Williams)

Essential reading:

Kaiser et al (2005) Marine Ecology: Processes, Systems and Impacts. Oxford University Press Chapter 3 sections 3.2-3.5, 3.8

Saturday July 15, 2006 - Symposium Controls and structure of the microbial loop

Study material:

Azam, F., Fenchel, T., Field, J. G., Gray, J. S., Meyer-Reil, L. and Thingstad, F. (1983) The ecological role of water column microbes in the sea. Marine Ecology Progress Series 10, 257-263

Pomeroy, L. R. (1974) The oceans food web, a changing paradigm. Bioscience, 24, 499- 504

Williams, P. J. le B. (1981) Incorporation of microheterotrophic processes into the classical paradigm of the planktonic food web Opening lecture to the 15th Symposium of Marine Biology Kieler Meeresforschung, 5, 1 28

Williams, P. J. le B. (1984) Bacterial production in the marine food chain: the Emperor's new suit of clothes pp 271 299. In: Flows of Energy and Material in Marine Ecosystems: Theory and Practice, [Ed. M J R Fasham]. Plenum Press, NY

Cottrell M.T. et al. (2006) "Aerobic Anoxygenic Phototrophic Bacteria in the Mid-Atlantic Bight and the North Pacific Gyre" Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 72 557-564

Reading Material for Microbial Oceanography Lectures:
Week 4
Week 5
Week 3
Week 6